Monodromy representation
In this section, you find the code used for computations with monodromy representations.
The file auxiliary_functions_monodromy.jl is needed for all other files,
and contains auxiliary funtions used for both internal functioning and different output modes.
Monodromy representations of degree 3, genus 1 and degree 4, genus 3
A monodromy representation of degree d is a list of permutations \((\tau_1, \dots, \tau_i)\) in \(\mathbb{S}_d\) such that the \(\tau_i\) act transitively on \((1, \dots, d)\) and \(\tau_i \circ \cdots \circ \tau_1 = id\). The group \(\mathbb{S}_d\) acts on the set of monodromy representations by conjugation. For readability of the following examples, we alias the transpositions of degree 4 in the following way:
a = Perm([2,1,3,4])
b = Perm([3,2,1,4])
c = Perm([4,2,3,1])
d = Perm([1,3,2,4])
e = Perm([1,4,3,2])
f = Perm([1,2,4,3])
id = Perm([1,2,3,4])
We count monodromy representations by counting equivalence classes of monodromy representations under this conjugation. We say that the canonical representative of such a class is the lexicographically smallest element. Our code computes the canonical representative of a monodromy representation of degree 3 and 4:
# Example in degree 3: Canonical representative in the class of (12)(23)(13)(13)(23)(12)
monod_d3 = [Perm([2,1,3]),Perm([1,3,2]),Perm([3,2,1]),Perm([3,2,1]),Perm([1,3,2]),Perm([2,1,3])]
canonical_monodromy_representation_degree_3(monod)
# Example in degree 4: Canonical representative in the class of (12)(34)(24)(13)(24)(13)(13)(13)(13)(13)(12)(34)
monod_d4 = [a, f, e, b, e, b, b, b, b, b, a, f]
canonical_monodromy_representation_degree_4(monod)
Now we can list canonical representatives for all monodromy representations of degree 3, using
list_deg_3 = all_monodromy_reps_degree_3()
We can further identify lists of monodromy representations of degree 3 with the notation introduced in Table 1 of our paper, using
current_notation = map_to_current_notation_cubics(list_deg_3)
Finally, all_monodromy_reps_degree_4() returns the vector of canonical monodromy representations of degree 4. It has size 7528620 and takes approximately 6.5 hours and requires some free internal memory.
Real monodromy
To show that a monodromy representation is a real, we apply the algorithm of [1] Section 3.3. While the code in the above Section only works for degrees 3 and 4, the following code works for all degrees.
Cadorets algorithm checks whether a monodromy representation is real for a fixed number of real branch points and number of pairs of complex conjugate branch points under a specified involution
# Example in degree 3
real = 6
pairs = 0
is_real_monodromy_representation(monod_d3, Perm([2,1,3]), real, pairs)
# Real example in degree 4
real = 12
pairs = 0
is_real_monodromy_representation(monod_d4, a*f, real, pairs)
# Example in degree 4
real = 8
pairs = 2
is_real_monodromy_representation(monod_d4, a, real, pairs)
We can also compute which elements of a list are real for a fixed number of real branch points and number of pairs of complex conjugate branch points under a specified involution:
compute_real_monodromy_list(list_deg_3, Perm([1,2,3]), 6,0)
compute_real_monodromy_list(list_deg_3, Perm([2,1,3]), 6,0)
We used this method in our paper to prove Proposition 3.6 and Theorem 3.7, combined with the algorithms of the previous section.
References
[1] A. Cadoret:Counting real Galois covers of the projective line, Pacific J. Math. 219 (2005) 53–81